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Pheromone traps can detect the birth of fleas or alert foresters to outbreaks. For example, the spruce budworm, a damaging pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian woods for many decades.22 In some regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of woods are coated with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the harm generated during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals go to or make their house in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban places. Some contaminate foodstuffs, harm structural timbers, chew through cloths or infest kept dry products. Some inflict great economic loss, others take diseases or cause fire dangers, and a few are just a nuisance. Control of these pests has been tried by improving sanitation and garbage control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing insects like insects and rodents. Historically, local people or paid rat-catchers captured and murdered rodents using dogs and traps.25 On a national scale, sticky flypapers are used to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects may be trapped using such means as pheromones, synthetic volatile substances or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; some have a sticky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be murdered by appropriately baited spring cubes and can be caught in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be employed to establish routes employed by rodents inside buildings and acoustic apparatus can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, firearms have been one of the chief methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specially designed to fire .22 caliber snake shot or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for snakes, rodents, birds, and other insect. Garden Guns are short range weapons that can do little harm beyond 15 to 20 yards, and they're relatively quiet when fired with snake shot, compared to some standard ammunition.

They're also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shooter capsule is .22 Long Rifle loaded with #12 shot. In a distance of about ten ft (3 m), which is about the maximum effective range, the pattern is about 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter by a standard rifle. Particular smoothbore shotguns, like the Marlin Model 25MG can create effective patterns from 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which hold 1/8 oz.

Poisoned bait is a common method for controlling rats, mice, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other pests. The basic granules, or other formulation, contains a food attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so the workers have enough time to carry view it the substance back advice to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent further egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for both slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and household pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance for the anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 All these are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up frequently.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals such as wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses nevertheless kill a wide range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop check this pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a construction to kill pests like wood-boring beetles by sealing it or surrounding it with an airtight cover like a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, typically of 2472 hours. This is expensive and inconvenient because the construction cannot be utilized during the treatment, but it targets all life phases of pests.33.

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An alternative, space treatment, is fogging or misting to distribute a liquid insecticide in the atmosphere within a building without evacuation or airtight sealing, allowing most operate within the building to continue, in the cost of decreased penetration. Contact insecticides are generally utilized to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of pest insects can at times be radically reduced by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a pest, sterilising it by means of X-rays or some other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It's very helpful where a female only mates once and where the insect does not disperse widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, some species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.